Molecular Markers of Brain Tumor Cells

I. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF TUMORS. §1. Brain Tumors §1. Introduction §2. Medulloblastoma §3. Glial Tumors §2. Immunophenotypic Characterization of Infiltrating Poly- and Mononuclear Cells in Childhood Brain Tumors §1. Introduction §2. The Significance of Immunohistochemistry §3. Original Immunohistochemical Observations §4. Intermediate filaments (IFs) §5. Expression of Homeobox B3, B4, and C6 Gene Products §6. Cell proliferation §7. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) §8. p53, the guardian of the integrity of the genome §9. Apoptosis in Brain Tumors §10. Survivin §11. Tumor-related Neoangiogenesis in Childhood Brain Tumors §12. Presence of Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) §13. The MAGE gene family §II. ANTI-NEOPLASTIC BIOLOGICAL THERAPIES §3. Experimental Therapies in Brain Tumors §4. Biologic Anti-Neoplastic Therapies §1. Introduction §2. Active nonspecific immunomodulation of natural immunity §3. Thymic hormones §4. Interferons: basic and preclinical studies §5. Tumor Necrosis Factors §6. The discovery of interleukin-2: basic principles §5. The lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cell phenomenon §1. Administration of rIL-2 and LAK cells: preclinical trials §6. Angiogenesis Inhibition in Anti-Neoplastic Therapy §7. Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells and Their Significance in Anti-Neoplastic Immunotherapy §1. Active antigen specific immunotherapy (tumor vaccines) §2. Antigen Presentation within Childhood Brain Tumors §3. Immunosuppression within the Cellular Microenvironment of Childhood Brain Tumors §4. The Dendritic Cell Network §5. Antigen Presentation by DCs §6. The Significance of DCs in Anti-Neoplastic Immunotherapy §8. Genetically Engineered Antibodies for Direct Anti-Neoplastic Treatment and Systematic Delivery of Various Therapeutic Agents to Cancer Cells §1. Introduction §2. Human Cancer Cell Related Antigens §3. Oncogenes and Growth Factors in Neoplastic Cells §4. Antibodies and Neoplastic Cells §5. Anti-neoplastic Immunotherapeutical Regiments Influenced by Immunohistochemistry §6. Human Antibodies §7. Anti-Idiotypic Antibodies §8. Bispecific Antibodies §9. Radiolabeled Antibodies §10. Construction of Immunotoxins §11. Monoclonal Antibodies: Carriers of Drugs, Toxins and Cytotoxic Cells §12. Clinical Trials with Monoclonal Antibodies and their Minimal Toxicity §9. Cancer-Testis Antigens: Promising Targets for Antigen Directed Anti-neoplastic Immunotherapy §1. Introduction §2. Cancer/Testis Antigens §3. Detection of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Various Malignant Neoplasms and their Therapeutic Significance §Prologue §III. APPENDIX §10. Materials and Methods §1. Tissues and Tissue Handling §2. Libraries of Antibodies §3. Antigen Retrieval Technique §4. Immunoalkaline Phosphatase Antigen Detection Technique §5. Immunoperoxidase Antigen Detection Technique §6. Controls in Immunocytochemistry §7. Evaluation of the Immunoreactivity (immunostaining) §8. Tissue Processing for Tissue Culture Experiments §9. Preparation of Thymic, Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Cell Suspensions §10. Isolation of Cortical Thymocytes §11. Isolation of Thymic Nurse Cells (TNCs) §12. Thymic Stromal Cell (RE & DC) Cultures §13. Proliferation Assay (PA) for Thymocytes and Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Cells §14. Transmission Electronmicroscopy (TEM) of Cultured Thymic Medullary Cells (RE, DC, including LC, & IDC) and Macrophages§15. Scanning Electronmicroscopic (SEM) Procedure for Tissue Samples