Surveying Computations

Assuming no computational surveying knowledge, this book starts by introducing basic computational skills essential for undergraduate students in part 1. In this part, comprising 10 chapters, the book starts by looking at general formulars, coordinate systems and conversions. It then moves to angular computation introducing the necessary trigonometry employed, delves into intersection, resection and traversing procedures used to establish horizontal controls before looking at area calculations needed for earthworks and simple horizontal curve computations needed for setting out circular road/rail alignments. The first part of the  book ends by looking at subdivisions, necessary for property/cadastral surveying. Chapter 18 consolidated the various formulæ implemented in part 1. Chapter 18 also examines the application of computational skills using an algebraic calculator. Part 2 of the book presents intermediate undergraduate concepts by examining significant figures in calculations and error propagation of observations. It then extends the simple horizontal curves to transition/composite incorporating superelevation and vertical curves. Geological strikes and dips as well as coordinate transformations are also presented. A detailed examination of the transverse Mercator projection is accompanied by examples covering a variety of different projection parameters. Finally, part 3 considers a miscellany of survey topics such as survey target design, least squares adjustments of plane intersections, reinforcing modern EDM positioning methods and alignment of survey lines are presented. An examination of transverse Mercator zone to zone transformation methods is included for interest. The 22 chapters each contain worked examples throughout the chapter as well as chapter exercises and answers to reinforce the particular subject. There are over 500 illustrations, 120 linked equations and 80 tables in this book.